Biology is Fun: Juli 2010

Minggu, 11 Juli 2010

BIOLOGY-Bio I

Biology is a natural science concerned with the study of life and living organisms, including their structure, function, growth, origin, evolution, distribution, and taxonomy.

Biology is a vast subject containing many subdivisions, topics, and disciplines.

Among the most important topics are five unifying principles that can be said to be the fundamental axioms of modern biology:

Subdisciplines of biology are recognized on the basis of the scale at which organisms are studied and the methods used to study them: biochemistry examines the rudimentary chemistry of life; molecular biology studies the complex interactions of systems of biological molecules; cellular biology examines the basic building block of all life, the cell; physiology examines the physical and chemical functions of the tissues, organs, and organ systems of an organism; and ecology examines how various organisms interrelate with their environment.

These are the main branches of biology :

Aerobiology - study of airborne organic particles

Agriculture - study of producing crops from the land, with an emphasis on practical applications

Anatomy - the study of form and function, in plants, animals, and other organisms, or specifically in humans

Astrobiology- the study of evolution, distribution, and future of life in the universe. Also known as exobiology, exopaleontology, and bioastronomy.

Biochemistry - the study of the chemical reactions required for life to exist and function, usually a focus on the cellular level

Bioengineering - the study of biology through the means of engineering with an emphasis on applied knowledge and especially related to biotechnology.

Bioinformatics - the use of information technology for the study, collection, and storage of genomic and other biological data

Biomathematics or Mathematical Biology - the study of biological processes through mathematics, with an emphasis on modeling.

Biomechanics - often considered a branch of medicine, the study of the mechanics of living beings, with an emphasis on applied use through artificial limbs, etc.

Biomedical research - the study of the human body in health and disease

Biophysics - the study of biological processes through physics, by applying the theories and methods traditionally used in the physical sciences

Biotechnology - a new and sometimes controversial branch of biology that studies the manipulation of living matter, including genetic modification

Building biology - study of the indoor living environment

Botany - the study of plants

Cell biology - the study of the cell as a complete unit, and the molecular and chemical interactions that occur within a living cell.

Conservation Biology - the study of the preservation, protection, or restoration of the natural environment, natural ecosystems, vegetation, and wildlife

Cryobiology - the study of the effects of lower than normally preferred temperatures on living beings.

Developmental biology - the study of the processes through which an organism forms, from zygote to full structure.

Ecology - the study of the interactions of living organisms with one another and with the non-living elements of their environment.

Embryology - the study of the development of embryo (from fecondation to birth). See also topobiology.

Entomology - the study of insects

Environmental Biology - the study of the natural world, as a whole or in a particular area, especially as affected by human activity

Epidemiology - a major component of public health research, it is the study of factors affecting the health and illness of populations

Ethology - the study of animal behavior.

Evolutionary Biology - the study of the origin and descent of species over time

Genetics - the study of genes and heredity.

Herpetology - the study of reptiles and amphibians

Histology - the study of cells and tissues, a microscopic branch of anatomy.

Ichthyology - the study of fish

Integrative biology - the study of whole organisms

Limnology - the study of inland waters

Mammalogy - the study of mammals

Marine Biology - the study of ocean ecosystems, plants, animals, and other living beings.

Microbiology - the study of microscopic organisms (microorganisms) and their interactions with other living things

Molecular Biology - the study of biology and biological functions at the molecular level, some cross over with biochemistry

Mycology - the study of fungi

Neurobiology - the study of the nervous system, including anatomy, physiology, even pathology

Oceanography - the study of the ocean, including ocean life, environment, geography, weather, and other aspects influencing the ocean.

Oncology - the study of cancer processes, including virus or mutation oncogenesis, angiogenesis and tissues remoldings

Ornithology - the study of birds

Population biology - study of the populations of organisms - most often referred as ecology, or used to point out biology adaptations, biology events sum up

Population ecology - the study of populations of organisms, including how they increase and go extinct (dynamics)

Population genetics - the study of changes in gene frequencies in populations of organisms

Paleontology - the study of fossils and sometimes geographic evidence of prehistoric life

Pathobiology or pathology - the study of diseases, and the causes, processes, nature, and development of disease

Parasitology - the study of parasites and parasitism

Pharmacology - the study and practical application of preparation, use, and effects of drugs and synthetic medicines.

Physiology - the study of the functioning of living organisms and the organs and parts of living organisms

Phytopathology - the study of plant diseases (also called Plant Pathology)

Psychobiology - study of the biological bases of psychology

Sociobiology - study of the biological bases of sociology

Structural biology - a branch of molecular biology, biochemistry, and biophysics concerned with the molecular structure of biological macromolecules

Virology - the study of viruses and some other virus-like agents

Zoology - the study of animals, including classification, physiology, development, and behavior (See also Entomology, Ethology, Herpetology, Ichthyology, Mammalogy, and Ornithology)